What is Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) and How Does it Affect the Heart?

Understanding Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM):
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic condition where the heart muscle becomes abnormally thick, making it harder for the heart to pump blood. This thickening often affects the septum, the wall between the heart’s left and right chambers, and can obstruct blood flow. HCM is one of the most common causes of sudden cardiac arrest in young athletes.

Common Symptoms of HCM:

• Chest Pain: Many individuals with HCM experience chest pain, especially during physical exertion.
• Shortness of Breath: Difficulty breathing is common, particularly during exercise or other physical activities.
• Palpitations: Irregular heartbeats or a fluttering sensation in the chest.
• Fatigue: Feeling excessively tired even with minimal exertion.
• Dizziness or Fainting: Some individuals may experience lightheadedness or fainting, especially during physical activity.

Causes and Risk Factors:

• Genetic Factors: HCM is typically inherited and caused by mutations in genes that affect the heart muscle.
• Family History: A family history of HCM or sudden cardiac arrest increases the risk of developing the condition.

Treatment Options:

• Medications: Beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers can help slow the heart rate and reduce symptoms.
• Surgical Procedures: In severe cases, surgery may be needed to remove a portion of the thickened heart muscle.
• Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD): An ICD may be recommended for those at high risk of sudden cardiac arrest.

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy can vary greatly in severity, with some individuals experiencing no symptoms while others may have significant limitations in physical activity. Early detection and management are crucial to preventing complications.