Understanding Bradycardia: Causes, Symptoms, and Management

What is Bradycardia?
Bradycardia is a condition characterized by a slower than normal heart rate. For adults, a heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute is generally considered bradycardia. While it can be harmless and a sign of physical fitness, it can also indicate underlying health issues.

Causes of Bradycardia
1. Heart Tissue Damage:
Damage to heart tissue from aging or heart disease can slow the heart’s electrical signals.

2. Congenital Heart Defects:
Some people are born with heart conditions that affect their heart rate.

3. Medication Side Effects:
Certain medications, especially those used to treat heart conditions, can cause bradycardia.

4. Sleep Apnea:
Episodes of disrupted breathing during sleep can contribute to bradycardia.

Symptoms of Bradycardia
1. Fatigue:
Feeling unusually tired or weak, even with minimal activity.

2. Dizziness or Lightheadedness:
Experiencing faintness or dizziness, particularly during exertion.

3. Shortness of Breath:
Difficulty breathing during physical activity or rest.

4. Chest Pain:
Discomfort or pain in the chest area.

Diagnosing Bradycardia
1. Electrocardiogram (ECG):
An ECG records the electrical signals of your heart and can identify abnormal heart rates.

2. Holter Monitor:
A portable device that you wear for 24 hours to record your heart’s activity.

3. Event Monitor:
Similar to a Holter monitor, but used for longer periods to catch irregular heartbeats that occur sporadically.

Treatment and Management
1. Medication Adjustments:
If medications are causing bradycardia, your doctor may adjust the dosage or prescribe alternatives.

2. Pacemaker:
A device implanted under the skin to help regulate the heart rate.

3. Lifestyle Changes:
Adopting a heart-healthy diet, engaging in regular physical activity, and avoiding substances that can affect heart rate.

Conclusion
Understanding bradycardia and its potential causes is crucial for effective management. If you experience symptoms, consult a healthcare provider for a thorough evaluation and appropriate treatment.