Understanding Heart Valve Disease: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options

What is Heart Valve Disease?

Heart valve disease occurs when one or more of the heart’s valves do not function properly, affecting the flow of blood through the heart and the rest of the body. This condition can lead to serious complications if left untreated.

Symptoms of Heart Valve Disease

The symptoms of heart valve disease can vary depending on the severity and type of valve affected. Common symptoms include:

• Shortness of breath, especially during exertion or when lying down
• Fatigue and weakness
• Swelling in the ankles, feet, or abdomen
• Irregular heartbeat (palpitations)
• Chest pain or discomfort
• Fainting or dizziness

Causes of Heart Valve Disease

Heart valve disease can result from a variety of factors, including:

• Congenital heart defects: Some people are born with heart valve problems.
• Age-related changes: As people age, the heart valves can become thickened and less flexible.
• Rheumatic fever: A complication of untreated strep throat that can damage the heart valves.
• Infections: Endocarditis, an infection of the heart valves, can lead to valve damage.
• Other heart conditions: Conditions like heart attack and heart failure can impact the function of the heart valves.

Treatment Options for Heart Valve Disease

The treatment for heart valve disease depends on the severity of the condition and the specific valve affected. Common treatment options include:

• Medications: Drugs can help manage symptoms and reduce the risk of complications.
• Lifestyle changes: Maintaining a heart-healthy diet, regular exercise, and avoiding smoking can improve overall heart health.
• Medical procedures: Balloon valvuloplasty, a procedure to widen a narrowed valve, can improve blood flow.
• Surgical treatments: Valve repair or replacement surgery can restore normal valve function.
• Regular monitoring: Ongoing medical care and monitoring are essential to manage the condition effectively.